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My latest column at Inside Higher Ed is up — “The iPad for Academics“.

My review of the iPad was not unabashedly positive — I think it makes a great PDF reader, but that it hardly eclipses the laptop for most of the jobs that academics do. That said, I wanted to make a few comments about the iPad and the role it plays in the other major job in my life — raising my twin infant boys.

For raising small kids, the iPad is incredible. It’s small size means you can plop it down next to you anywhere, and you can work the thing with a single finger, leaving the rest of you free to burp an infant. When a good portion of your life is passively consuming media while juggling a bottle and a kid, the iPad is perfect for checking email, or reading the news. The speaker is big enough to be audible but small enough not to wake up people asleep in the next room, which means podcasts (wrapped up in fancy BBC or NPR apps, but still basically podcasts) of news are an option even if you were crashed out during the normal news time.

The iPad has turned me on to casual gaming — an area that I’ve ben trying to find time to explore for some time. I’m a little underwhelmed by the lack of tactile feedback on the glass screen, but with kids you don’t really have a lot of time to play real-time games. Turn-based stuff is ubiquitous on the iPad (including many cherished favorites like Rogue) and great to play in those half hour periods between when The Feeding Ends and They Fall Asleep, time that in the past, when I was less sleep deprived, I had the concentration to read.

What is so weird about the iPad + iNfant combination is the strange serendipities. The iPad isn’t just a netbook manque, it’s also become our photo album: we haven’t printed a single digital photo, nor had to view them on the strangely-ratio’d screen of our laptop. Instead the iPad lets us look through (and show others) baby pictures — and at a much larger size than most prints. We use the thing as a friggin’ nightlight when changing diapers at 3 a.m. in the morning. The white noise app helps the kids fall asleep, even if it doesn’t have the now-ubiquitous ‘womb sounds’ that seem to emanate from all childcare products these days. Just the fact that it doesn’t have to boot up and is on instantaneously makes it much easier to use than a laptop in situations where you need it up and running quickly.

There are a lot of apps that still need to be ironed out on the iPad (like a Mafia Wars client that connects with the actual Mafia Wars install on Facebook), but I will say that everyone in my household who is able to hold their own head up is glad that we spent the money on the device, despite the fact in the beginning that we worried it would be little more than an expensive frippery. No excuse me, I have a little boy who needs some supervised tummy time I’ve got to go see….

In my quest for additional optimization I recently downloaded and tried the mac app Launchbar. In general I do not believe in loading down your computer with tons of software in an attempt to convince yourself that you are a ‘power user’ but I am going to make an exception for Launchbar. This thing rocks as a research tool. Let me tell you why.

For years I have been trying various work-arounds, add-ons, macros, and scripts to make it eaiser to get information about books and journal articles. For books I find myself constantly switching between my library’s catalog, Amazon, Google Books. For journals I am constantly moving between Google Scholar, various Big Content sites (JSTOR etc.), and my university’s clunky interface for getting me past content firewalls. Nothing has worked really well and I’ve resigned myself flipping through multiple tabs in a browser and — horror of horrors — taking my hand off the keyboard and on the mouse, sapping precious milliseconds from my research routine.

Launchbar as a ’search template’ function that makes it incredibly easy to to create custom searches of websites: you basically just copy the URL of a successful search, look around for the string you originally searched for in there, and replace it with an asterisk. To invoke the search you just do command-space bar (what used to be the Spotlight shortcut) and type the name of the search template you want to use and hit return. Then you type your search string, hit return again, and a new browser tab is open with the result.

The genius of launchbar is that it trains itself to guess what search template you are going to use. It only takes a search or two for it to learn that ‘g’ means ‘google’, ‘gb’ means ‘google books’, and so forth. This means that with just a few keystrokes, in any application, you can check out a book, the author’s departmental homepage, or pretty much anything else. No more tabbing between windows or clicking on search windows to get the cursor in a place where you can type your query in.

It speeds up searches by, like, orders of magnitude. For anything.

Apparently it can do lots of other things — like the coveted ‘send as an attachment to an email the PDF file I’m looking at now to someone in my addressbook’. If you are really into controlling your entire computer through a single command line then this is the app for you. But if you are just a normal person who wants to do normal things like locate and save Anna Tsing’s entire scholarly output — fliers for guest lectures on her campus and all — in under ten minutes then you will quickly find that this application is like crack and you will turn into one of the junkie guys in The Wire.

Serious.

Oh yes, I am tweeting. Come find me at http://twitter.com/r3x0r

I think the the thing that we’ve all figured out by now is that in virtual worlds people who do not share the same physical space get to interact with one another synchronously. This is true of phones as well. And videoconferencing. They are, in Schutz’s terminology, contemporaries but not consociates — they share the same time, but not the same space. This is in contrast to different generations of people who, for instance, view monumental architecture or spend time in the same coffee house (“Oscar Wilde sat here”). These people share the same space, but not the same time.

I think someone needs to write a science fiction novel about a virtual world or online game which suddenly and mysteriously becomes inhabited not by non-consociates, but by non-contemporaries: suddenly people from Elizabethan England and paleolithic Java are logging on to the game. Historians and anthropologists scramble to conduct interviews in chat rooms. And then… ok I don’t have a plot, just an idea. But it would be an interesting permutation on the whole space/time thing. So get on that, ok?

I bought a kindle. I dropped US$400 on a device to let me read books when I already own a tremendous amount of books that I will never get to. Why? And, is kindle any good for professors like me?

I bought a kindle because I live in Honolulu and I go to the mainland (or farther away) two or three times a year) and each time I take 5-10 kilos of books with me because of 1) my bizarre need to read constantly 2) I read non-fiction which comes in larger sizes than the normal paperback 3) as an American I constantly need to feel I have a ‘choice’ about things, including what I read. Most importantly, I’ll be traveling to Papua New Guinea, living there for 2 months, and coming back this summer and will need a lot to read. So even though I am not a gadget person these travelling needs pushed me over the edge of a decision I would not normally have made. My bags just got much _much_ lighter which really _really_ matters to me.

Professors, or at least social scientists like me, have very particular reading needs. We read the way athletes work out, and for all kinds of reasons — we read specialized literature for our research, we read popular and general pieces with an eye towards teaching them, we read for pleasure (actually I don’t read for pleasure that much, but when I travel I do). How well does the kindle handle our specialized needs?

Most of the Kindle is Amazon website. Before I bought a kindle, I used Amazon.com constantly for my scholarly work as a ‘discovery’ or ‘awareness’ tool — the website helps you discover books by understanding your preferences, making recommendations about similar books, and providing access to lists that others have written that can be used as the basis for further browsing. It also helps you filter these books and decide which I want to read, why, and how badly. It does so by providing metadata that quickly helps you judge the books (date, publisher, author and author bio) as well as the ability to quickly scan the table of contents (I rarely get to the point where I need to read an excerpt). It also allows you to organize and store your discoveries via various arrangements of your shopping cart, lists, wishlists, and so forth.

Almost all of these features are missing from the Kindle shop. The product details (year, publisher) are still there (and, alas, you still have to scroll down to see them), the recommendations are there, and the listamania lists are around (but much scarcer) and may perhaps grow in time. But there is no quick and obvious way to save kindle editions of books to a wishlist, or to take a look at their tables of content — instead you have to download the free sample or switch to the Amazon paper bookstore, check out the TOC, toggle back over the kindle bookstore, and then keep browsing. This is a big pain.

Paper books are available in many different versions and at many different prices while kindle books normally are not (tho, to be sure, there are multiple editions of public domain texts). Therefore a good way to sort them would be by price — by saying you want to spend more than US$2 and less than US$20 you essentially not only find books in your price point, you are also categorizing books by date since the numerous (and often irrelevant) public domain books get filtered out. Except, of course, that Amazon does not allow you to search in this way.

The best tip for searching I can give so far is to search for the name of a press (University of California, e.g.) and then expand the nested menu on the left hand side of the screen to search through their inventory.

At any rate, all of this applies solely to the kindle website when viewed on a browser on your computer. The version of it you get on the kindle itself is really inadequate as a research tool, and so far I’ve found impossible to browse effectively in any serious way. I know that Amazon is out to serve the ‘serious reader’ rather than the professional one, but if I was looking to further adoption amongst academics I’d seriously work on making the kindle section of the website look and feel more like the rest of the website, and get the on-device store more usable.

Tags:

Here’s one from ASAO: a nice list of “digitized Pacific resources”:http://www.nla.gov.au/oz/digitised-pacific-resources.html including our own “UH Manoa materials”:http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu/research/digicoll.html.

Go librarians go!

“Digg is restructuring”:http://www.dmwmedia.com/news/2008/01/24/digg-demonstrates-failure-open-collaborative-networks — part of the general Web 3.0 trend to create not just collaborative networks, but collaborative networks that help us flourish, which, it turns out, means structures that are regulated rather than ruthlessly games. I see this as similar somehow to the difference between early MMOGs, where inflation and gaming the system were seen as inevitable, to things like WoW, where ruthless policing has led to a more-or-less working system.

Damn, any feminization of the new mac laptop in “this review”:http://gizmodo.com/348361/our-macbook-air-review-matrix? Must write longer blog entry comparing this to seminal article “When computers were women”.

“Alice Marwick”:http://www.tiara.org/blog/?page_id=299 studies identity online.

“Passively Multiplayer”:http://passivelymultiplayer.com/ — the PMOG blog.

IHE has a short piece today on “Middlebury’s banning students from using Wikipedia”:http://insidehighered.com/news/2007/01/26/wiki. The article is interesting, but what is especially valuable to me (and the paper on Wikipedia that I wrote) are the comments it generated, which provide a nice slice of quotable academic opinions about Wikipedia. As someone who has contributed a lot to Wikipedia I have a soft spot for it, but at the same time I have the sort of knowledge of its limits that can only come from, well, contributing to it. And of course its very embarrassing when students hand in papers to me that have been plagiarized from my own Wikipedia articles. I’ve been following the development of Citizendium (the other alternative)pretty closely now for some time, but as far as I can tell its not quite ready for prime time (or world-readable either).

I often use Dawkin’s outrage with religion as an example to my anthro students that science, too, is a culture. Rather than use interviews with him now, there’s a “whole new book”:http://www.amazon.com/God-Delusion-Richard-Dawkins/dp/0618680004/sr=8-1/qid=1162357679/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/002-0329361-8750447?ie=UTF8&s=books that I will have to look over in my Copious Free Time.

Ever since I have been hired as a professor I have been more and more concerned about what people find out about me when they search for me on the web. Or maybe I should say: ever since I was hired as a professor and then went and wrote a blog entry about laxatives. At any rate I did what I rarely do as a result and checked the Google results for “Alex Golub” and “Alex” respectively.

I’ve been the top hit for “Alex Golub” ever since there _was_ such a thing as Google hit, and I did this on purpose to make sure that _I_ was affecting the results for my name and not other people. It is only in hindsight that this was actually the wrong strategy since it meant I then had to figure out what to say and — more importantly — avoid saying anything stupid. Which is actually very hard to do.

What struck me about searching for my full name this time around is how far you have to go to learn about any of my other Googlegangers. Alex Golub the tennis player, who once shared page results with me, has now vanished. Even Alex S. Golub, award-winning surgeon, has been relegated to one brief mention surrounded by more redirects to me. That is on the ninth page of the Google results.

The tenth page. That means that there are _ten pages_ of me on Google. I am not sure I am particularly happy about this.

Now turn to the ultimate — and more realistic — measurement of Googlejuice: first name Google searches. I do not especially mind that I am nowhere near the top of Google searches for “Alex.” As far as I am concerned Alex King deserves all the Googlejuice he wants for getting WordPress together. Frankly I am just happy that someone has unseated “that friggin parrot”:http://www.alexfoundation.org/alex.htm from the top of the results. The first mention of my name comes on page 10 of the Google results for Alex.

I think its telling in some undfinable way that the ratio of first name pages to whole name pages is so close. I have no idea why. Perhaps we should call it the Parrot Coefficient? The closer we get to 1 the closer we approach celebrity? Much more interesting (and ego inflating) than working about such posh as absolute ranking.

By Internet standards I have been around for quite a while, and while not a dinosaur on the scale of, you know, _David Weinberger_ or something ( :) )I’ve witnessed the rise and fall of a good many trends in the blogosphere and elsewhere. So while I don’t have a second brain located in my spike-studded tail, I do have a scar or two from being scraped by Internet faddism as its brushed past me and dug into my arm. I’m also in many ways a very traditional scholar who has a passion for paper. So while I am interested in the possibilities of cutting-edge technology I am not a bleeding-edge person or an unreserved enthusiast for change. So I think “Scott Palmer”:http://insidehighered.com/views/2006/08/15/palmer has more or less Got It when he writes:

Similarly, the emphasis that contributors to if:book seem to place on the “transparency” of scholarship and “immediacy” of publication made possible by digital delivery misses a very important point. There is much value to be found in not releasing one’s ideas to peers and public while those ideas are still half-baked. In many respects, the instantaneous delivery of “new media” writing is at odds with the solitude, meditation, and patience that are the hallmarks of traditional scholarship. Perhaps this is less true in if:book’s favored field (media studies), but it is manifestly not so for such disciplines as history, philosophy, and the like. Nor should it be. One can build a convincing case that, in the current age of instant analysis, self-absorbed “experts,” and ubiquitous 24/7 live blog feeds, the last thing that the academy needs is to embrace transparency and immediacy.

It reminds me of something Don Knuth once “said about email”:http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/email.html:

I have been a happy man ever since January 1, 1990, when I no longer had an email address. I’d used email since about 1975, and it seems to me that 15 years of email is plenty for one lifetime. Email is a wonderful thing for people whose role in life is to be on top of things. But not for me; my role is to be on the bottom of things. What I do takes long hours of studying and uninterruptible concentration. I try to learn certain areas of computer science exhaustively; then I try to digest that knowledge into a form that is accessible to people who don’t have time for such study.

Roberto Rodriguez advocates the way that digital technology allows us to “create at the speed of thought”:http://agile2006.stikipad.com/public/show/MakingMoviesAndSoftwareAtTheSpeedOfThought but of course the question someone with a background in theater rather than movies asks is: what’s wrong with rehearsal again?

All of which to say: digital genres provide increased velocity of information. This creates a continuum of speeds from top to bottom to work from. Since we’ve never had the ability to manipulate information at speed before we find it productive to do so and find lots of ways of doing so that are productive. But that doesn’t mean faster or more networked is automatically better. What is valuable is having the continuum to cherry-pluck from. I love to blog, but there is also work that I keep very close to my chest until it is done. The irony of a universally-readable ‘world of first drafts’ (as David calls the blogosphere) existing side by side with a smaller much higher quality and much more inaccessible world of revised material that, like Debian, is released ‘when its ready’ is hard to miss. But hey that’s life.

My point is just that there is a middle ground between enthusiasts of ‘networked books’ and people who find them anethma. Some of us occupy that middle ground, and we are fairly confident everyone will end up there as well — or at least find the configuration of speeds and modes they find most sympatico. But please recognize that not everyone who is into creative commons licenses also wants to eliminate the bottom of things and force everyone to live at the top.

If you were a sociologist interested in the recent heavies in theory and wanted a quick crib sheet, you might look “here”:http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/sore/53/s1. Honestly the most interesting thing about this issue (after the article on DMS) is _who_ they choose to write about. Spivak has those kinda legs in sociology? Who knew.

UPDATE: Sorry, the full citation is Roland Munro. 2005. Partial Organization: Marilyn Strathern and the Elicitation of Relations. The Sociological Review 53(s1): 245-266.

The Wikipedia entry on “incipit”:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incipit is a scrumptiously brief comparative piece. I particularly like the final point about computer files.

Some quick links for people trying to turn Google Earth’s pictures of PNG into intelligible maps:

“Ethnologue maps”:http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=PG — Ethnologue has made PNG language maps available for free consultation on the web. Vaguely remember Hogbin’s _The Leader and the Led_ and want to find Wogeo? Look no further. The comfortingly bounded, internally discrete, color-coded language groupings here are soothingly panoptic. *Sigh* if only ethnicity and culture really worked that way. Well at least it is good for finding stuff.

“Airstrips of Papua New Guinea”:http://users.bigpond.net.au/billsview/airstrips.htm — A quick way to locating towns and patrol posts. You can enter the lat/long coordinates in Google Earth and it will zoom right in. Paiela is listed as 0522.40 14258.48 — just put 05 22.40′ S 142 58.48′ E into Google Earth and it’ll zoom right in.

If some truly brave soul wants to create a complete set of Airstrip placemarks and email it to me, I’ll make it publically available — I know this information is coded somewhere, but not somewhere as easily findable as my blog, and not for free. Alternately let it be known that I’m also collecting coordinates for people’s fieldsites, so if you want to email me the placemark where you did fieldwork do that and I’ll add you to The Big List. But more on that project for another time.

UPDATE:
“fallingrain.com”:http://www.fallingrain.com/world/PP/ has many lat/long coordinates of places. Curiously organized and random, but still useful.

“Geonet name server PNG locations”:http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntyfile/pp.zip — Official USA Government Stuff

Why? Because the Encyclopedia Brittanica has never even _heard_ of “Spam musubi”:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spam_musubi.

“Kerim”:http://keywords.oxus.net/archives/2005/05/13/david-graeber/ and “Biella ‘m4dd0g’ Coleman”:http://healthhacker.org/satoroams/archives/000744.html#000744 have already publicized “what Yale is doing to David Graeber”:http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=43&ItemID=7834 so I won’t repeat it here. I haven’t read “his book”:http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0312240457/qid=1116118035/sr=2-2/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_2/102-6229466-0987309 but I have met David and remember him as funny, articulate, and approachable. What is more, he is also amazingly erudite — an example of the sort of deeply-learned and thoughtful scholar that Chicago Anthroplogy prides itself on. He really _is_ familiar with everything from Mauss to Aristotle to Bakhtin.

I haven’t been very vocal about this because I am at such a remove from Yale, I know that students often have high hopes that popular professors stay even if it’s not structurally feasible, and that Ivy Leagues tend not to retain junior faculty. While my initial cynicism may have worked to block my natural feelings of collegiality with David — we overlapped at Chicago and share the same dissertation supervisor — “this article at counterpunch”:http://www.counterpunch.org/frank05132005.html is, I have to say, pretty damning. The picture he paints of the department seems very probable to me based on my knowledge of departmental politics and really puts Yale in a very bad light indeed.

I am for sure signing the petition.

On the other hand, David is definitely crossing the Rubicon by speaking publically about the nature of the department in public. I don’t think it’s a smart play and I’m shocked at his frankness about topics that are not meant for public consumption. Not that I think he’s wrong or lying, just that saying this in public is probably only going to make the task of getting settled at Yale (if that’s still his goal) even more difficult. I mean — given his estimates of ‘bullies’ to ‘bad guys’ in the department, and the presence of the “departmental faculty list”:http://yale.edu/academics/departments.html and you can more or less figure out who he is speaking ill of if you know a little about the personalities involved.

Which brings me to another thing — in the interview David argues his problems are part of a wider trend in what he calls the shift from the ‘neoliberal university’ to the ‘imperial university’. I don’t think that is true at all. I think that what is happening to him is a manifestation of university politics that are as old as tenure itself — the hot-house atmosphere of an institution with life-long appointments and a small-world network (I’m too polite to say “old boy’s club”) ditching someone who is making waves. What _has_ changed is the mechanisms that David has for redressing this — the global organization of scholars connected by digital genres like petitions, email, webpages, online magazines, the departmental webpage to see who he is dissing, etc.

As a young almost-graduated academic I certainly feel for David, and I hope that he finds an appointment at an institution which will allow him to develop what is already a very interested intellectual trajectory.

I am going through the final, painful thicket of ideas that is the ‘theoretical’ section of my dissertation. “This is what my brain feels like”:http://www.geocities.com/heartland/ranch/1201/oandkrh400.html?200528. These two paragraphs just took me literally an hour to write/revise:

“But mining, like cannibalism, “is always symbolic, even when it is ‘real’” (Sahlins 1983:). It is important to realize that both the semiotic and technical aspects of mining are flip sides of the same coin. As the “pragmatic-poetic turn” of contemporary linguistic anthropology (the term is from Silverstein 2004:623; other prominent statements regarding this turn might be found in Silverstein and Urban 1996 and Baumann and Briggs 1990) has demonstrated, all human interaction requires the deployment of a shared set of sociocultural concepts in order to ensure that interaction coheres to create “a coherent, intersubjectively accomplished interactional text, the interpersonal achievement of a ‘doing’ of something – an instance of some generically understood social act – to which more than one individual has contributed” (Silverstein 1998:270) This is true even of perilinguistic interactions such as those that occur in Porgera’s open pit, where the operators of, say a Catepillar 769 haul truck and an O&K RH8 excavator, must work together to dislodge material from the open pit and transfer it from the bucket of the excavator to the back of the 769 without either of the operators being killed — a remarkably easy thing to do in a line of work where the tires of your vehicle are taller than you are. While the complex figuration of text in context in the course of the linguistically mediated interaction of Mr. A and Mr. B described by Silverstein (2004:623-625) may be poetically more complex than the ‘doing-something’ of shoveling ore into the back of a truck, it is none the less true that even miners must invoke sociocultural conceptions, inhabit roles, and share a set ‘standard operating procedures’ that will regiment action if the most elemental aspect of mining is to occur without mishap. This “mutual tuning-in relationship,” as Schutz (1964:161) called it, is always metapragmatically regimented, regardless of the antintellectualism inherent in the ethnometapragmatics of any single miner who is engaged in the improvisational performance of ‘mining’ in realtime discursive practice.

The question of how to keep the mine open, then, is shot through with two dimensions which are interrelated, rather than opposed. Looked at from the point of view of engineering – moving the physical materials which are insensible to the semiotics of our lives – the logistics involved in keeping the mine open requires ‘practical’ and ‘real’ action: you can not talk the gold out of a mine and modulo the inevitably culturally shaped means and ends that determine what and how ought to be mined, the physical nature of the resource creates technical imperatives which must be met. But every human being who is part of the complex chain of logistics that runs from machine operators in the open pit to people signing checks in Vancouver deploys some sort of narrative about who they are and what they are doing which permits the technically complex coordination of action of thousands of individuals that results in the creation of bars of pure gold. Keeping the mine open is thus shot through with both engineering and signification.”

On 4 April I posted Tommy’s very smart and funny “Major Anglophone Anthropology Departments as Fashion Brands”:http://alex.golub.name/log/?p=381 table on my website, where it was received with thunderous silence — at least in the comments (I can’t be bothered to check my server logs to see who is reading the blog these days, since this takes time that would be better spent dissertating). Now, eight days later I see that it has been forwarded by the departmental secretary to more or less the entire anthropology department, who says she has received it “from numerous sources” and that it’s great fun. What happened in between? I can’t think of another electronic copy that is circulating. Is this thing floating around the noosphere, or is Chicago (my department) just in some sort of self-appreciating feedback loop? It’s an interesting question because I realized after I posted it perhaps most anthropologists aren’t familiar enough with the different flavors of these departments to actually _get_ the joke. I mean, how many American Anthropologists even know where the ANU is? Or perhaps my intuitions lead me astray? At any rate, this has made me think a bit about what and who and how anthropologists read when they read the intarweb.

I’m just at the very edge of the F/OSS world, and so I’ve always enjoyed the uber-idea aggregators at O’Reilly. Tim’s stuff in particular has always been super resonant and mind-expanding for me. Their ability to intuit and articulate future trends is useful, at least to someone like me. Now there’s the “O’Reilly Radar Blog”:http://radar.oreilly.com/. I’m excited and hope it will live up to its potential.

Second, this brief post at Zengestrom.com on “object-centered social networking services”:http://www.zengestrom.com/blog/2005/04/why_some_social.html puts its finger on something very important that I was hoping no one would articulate until I had time to write about it. Let me just say in a compressed, occulted form the idea that is driving my research on virtual worlds: Social networks are not so much object-centered as _project-centered_. The ability to provide a project to hang a society on is what makes game type virutal worlds more interesting than Second Life. But more on that later.

That’s what I want. Exactly like Bloglines (not citeulike or delicious, where you find articles and tage them), but with academic journals instead of blogs. I’d have different folders for different things I’m interested in, and every month or quarter or year or whatever I’d get the title and abstract of each article on the table of contents as a separate entry.

Has this been done yet?

The Chapter is finished. Too tired to blog. More links instead.

Excellent, Smithers!! Ron May’s new volume of essays on PNG’s political history, “State and Society in Papua New Guinea: The First Twenty-Five Years”:http://epress.anu.edu.au/sspng_citation.htm is available on line as part of the ANU’s noble and far-seeing “e-press print on demand”:http://epress.anu.edu.au/titles.htm program.

And you know what’s even better? “OHK Spate’s”:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oskar_Spate “The Spanish Lake”:http://epress.anu.edu.au/spanish_lake_citation.htm is also available. How awesome is that?

The ANU also is _finally_ making dissertations available on line via the “Australian Digital Theses Program”:http://thesis.anu.edu.au/, including “Leah Horowitz’s”:http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20031015.150235/index.html. Resources for kiwi theses are “here”:http://www.library.auckland.ac.nz/subjects/anthro/nzpdissertations.htm

The ACM has an issue of their communications with a “section on blogging”:http://portal.acm.org/toc.cfm?id=1035134&type=issue&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=41258676&CFTOKEN=50278905#1035160 (subscription requires afaik :( ). This includes an article by Cass Sunstein on how browsing on the web prevents us from encountering opposing points of view. He’s said this before, in republic.com. I have no idea why he persists in writing about this — the whole point of the internet is tapping into the expertise of other people’s networks. And as for the internet being an ‘echo chamber’ — has this guy spent anytime on message boards? I know he lives in a vibrant, multicultural city with tons of people. But for most of us — including him — it is far easier to stumble across vigorous antisemitism or rabid flat earthers online than it is in real life.

This week marks the start of the “Book of Leviticus”:http://www.hareidi.org/bible/Leviticus1.htm#1 for all of who follow the Laws of the God of Jacob. Leviticus is one of my favorite books of the bible because of all the rich ethnography. I mean: it’s sacrificetastic! When I finished reading this week’s portion I gave a sort of self-satisfied sigh as I figured how an anthropological theory of sacrifice could make sense of a Torah portion that many Jews consider weird and unrelated to their lives. I thought to myself: “Ah, my discipline really _does_ construct models with genuine analytic ability.”

Then I pulled myself up short and realized that modern anthropological theories of sacrifice more or less originated with “William Robertson Smith’s”:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Robertson_Smith ground-breaking work _Lecures on the Religion of the Semites_. See kids, this is why you can’t just read forty pages of Foucault and claim to be versed in ‘anthropological theory’ or produce a theoretical work on ‘global flows’ which just unknowngly recapitulates notions of ‘diffusion’ and ‘acculturation’. If you don’t have that deep knowledge of Books of Enduring Worth you’re going to end up thinking anthropology explains disused Jewish sacrificial rites when in fact it’s the other way around.

Then I thought to myself: Jeez, there’s got to be a copy of _Religion of the Semites_ online for free. And indeed, my friends, “there is”:http://www.cwru.edu/univlib/preserve/Etana/Lectures/Lectures.html. In fact, the same people who made that classic text available also have about “seven hundred”:http://lib16.library.vanderbilt.edu/diglib/abzu-processquery.pl?SID=&UID=&auth=&selectsearch=etana&searchstring=active&sort=alpha other “titles on the Ancient Near East”:http://lib16.library.vanderbilt.edu/diglib/abzu-processquery.pl?selectsearch=ebooks&searchstring=active&sort=alpha

And oh yeah, just in case you think I forgot, here’s a “little bit of Mauss and Hubert fo’ dat ass”:http://www.uqac.uquebec.ca/zone30/Classiques_des_sciences_sociales/classiques/mauss_marcel/melanges_hist_religions/t2_sacrifice/sacrifice_tdm.html

_Old School Anthropological Theory 4evar!!!!_

Since “Kerim’s touched on the subject”:http://keywords.oxus.net/archives/2005/03/16/race/ I’ll mention a few more things. First, “Troy Duster”:http://www.rockridgeinstitute.org/people/duster (“CV”:http://sociology.fas.nyu.edu/attach/938) has a “nice, brief piece”:http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/03/17/ED263680.DTL on pharmacogenetics that is worth checking out. Of course, those of you who are more old-school may prefer “Buffon’s Of the varieties of the human species“:http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Chateau/6110/buffon/1varieties.htm. Of course there is indeed such a thing as the liberal knee-jerk reaction against _any_ account of the genetics of human difference. A more troubling issue is not anthropologists who are ignorant of genetics, but geneticists who apparently weren’t made to read any social science as undergraduates. Our tools for understanding biology are becoming more and more sophisticated, but the sophistication of the concepts some people use to analyze this data appears to be staying more or less the same. In the past — particularly during the AAA meeting fiascos — I felt that anthropology’s four field approach was growing more and more obsolete. Aracheologists were talking with GIS and imaging people, socio-culturals were interested in cultural studies, physical anthros were doing more and more bioinformatics and population genetics, and the linguists had always been sort of attached to philology. I thought: “that’s cool with me.” More and more, however, the archaeology I read seems to benefit from a deep engagement with the anthropological literature (_including_ the literature on ethnicity, thank you very much) and discussions like this make it clear that physical/biological and sociocultural types need to stick together if our ability to make good sense of biological data is going to keep up with out ability to collect it.

Ok I am done with race now. My obsession will now shift to the topic of strong societies and weak states and New Institutional Economics.

My class just finished our section on _What Does It Mean to be 98% Chimpanzee_ today. I admit there are some reasons not to like this book, but overall I find it timely (rather than cobbled together out of a bunch of articles), wide-ranging (rather than unfocused), trenchant (rather than ‘trollish’) and ‘important’ (i.e. I agree with Marks and hence he is preaching to the converted as far as I am concerned). I particularly enjoy when he completely looses it and starts totally flaming his opponent’s position:

To say that statement was “wrong” would imply that we really know the proportion [of Asian and African genes in Europeans] to be, say, 80:20, rather than 65:35. To call it wrong would be a massive understatement. It is _less_ than wrong; it is not _even_ wrong. (italics in original)

I so do _not_ want to turn this blog into a forum on race and genetics. It’s so tiring. Nonetheless I thought I’d do a round up on some links and reccomendations I’ve gotten from readers in response to my previous post.

First, “Kerim”:http://keywords.oxus.net/ points to Loic Wacquaint’s essay “From Slavery to Mass Incarceration”:http://www.newleftreview.net/NLR24703.shtml at New Left Review (subscription necessary :( ) while an ASAO homie reccomends “Ruth Wilson Gilmore”:http://www.speakoutnow.org/People/RuthWilsonGilmore.html (“CV here”:http://www.usc.edu/dept/geography/private/faculty/cvs/Wilson_Gilmore_CV.pdf), both of whom talk about how a lot a lot of people are getting locked up. I know that I’ve mentioned him on this blog before, but it’s worth noting again the work of “John Hoberman’s”:http://www.utexas.edu/depts/german/faculty/hoberman.html (“CV here”:http://www.utexas.edu/depts/german/faculty/HobermanVita.htm). His original work was on Jews, Nazis, race, and so forth. His most recent book, “Darwin’s Athletes”:http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0395822920/qid=1110586958/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/102-4114845-8819356 is about the search for racial athletic aptitude. The amazon reviews are mixed, with everyone who identifies as a pro-nature type giving it 1 star and everybody who identifies as a pro-nurture type giving it five. I am only about twenty pages in, but it impresses me as a careful and well-documented book which if much more careful than either of these polarized positions. Thus:

A critique of the search for racial athletic aptitude can be legitimized on both scientific and humanitarian grounds. It is easy enough to show that a great deal of naive speculation about purported racial differences has appeared in scientific and medical journals; indeed, many examples of such biased thinking are presented in this book. We can also point to the malign role that racial science has often played in human affairs over the past two centuries. Yet it is also the case that these arguments can take the form of a disingenuous (and unscientific) opposition to the investigation of racial differences per se on the grounds that they are either too trivial or too potentially dangerous to examine.

So that seems promising.

Finally: *Zimbardo* on abuse in Abu Gharaib:”You Can’t be a Sweet Cucumber in a Vinegar Barrel”:http://edge.org/3rd_culture/zimbardo05/zimbardo05_index.html:

When you put that set of horrendous work conditions and external factors together, it creates an evil barrel. You could put virtually anybody in it and you’re going to get this kind of evil behavior. The Pentagon and the military say that the Abu Ghraib scandal is the result of a few bad apples in an otherwise good barrel. That’s the dispositional analysis. The social psychologist in me, and the consensus among many of my colleagues in experimental social psychology, says that’s the wrong analysis. It’s not the bad apples, it’s the bad barrels that corrupt good people. Understanding the abuses at this Iraqi prison starts with an analysis of both the situational and systematic forces operating on those soldiers working the night shift in that ‘little shop of horrors.’

If anyone would know it would be him.

“This guy”:http://www.streightsite.blogspot.com/ is writing “a book about blogs”:http://www.blogpros.blogspot.com/ and asked me to contribute. Frankly the website looks like the Yes Men doing a parody of a late-nineties Fast Company type consulting firm. But the letter he sent me was only slightly formletter-ish and he even sent me a ‘reminder’ that I hadn’t replied to him, which I thought indicated either 1) some level of personal oversight or 2) some commendable scripting abilities on the mass email front. The responses that he’s gotten so far say things like “by spending my time thinking about what I’m writing rather than how I’m writing it and how I’m going to get it published, I’ve been able to refine my weblogs over time to find the synergistic intersection between my professional interests and those of my industry space.” Ladies and gentlemen, I am here to tell you today I think about the synergistic intersection of my industry space _all the time_, as evinced by the questions and answers provided below:

Why did you decide to start your Golublog anthropology blog?

My blog began as a result of fascism and genetic engineering.

In October 1999 I arrived in the Porgera Valley of Enga Province, Papua New Guinea with funds from a schwanky Fulbright grant burning a hole in my pocket to begin what ended up being a two year stay. There I shared a 32 square meter tin-sided house with a family of five. The result: little meterage per person, although they were very kind and gave me more than my fair share of space. Like most anthropologists, I found my initial immersion in a foreign culture exciting but also unrelenting and deeply exhausting. Soon, following a time-honored tradition, I found myself resorting to increasingly desperate attempts at self-deception and escapism to ignore the fact that I had, in fact, signed up for fieldwork in a place which lacked not only _biftek au poivre_ and the occasional oaky cabernet, but showers, bread, laundry, and beds. As I honed my ability to judge exactly how many fleas were in my sleeping bag, I retreated further and further into the few escapist venues that I had brought with me from the First World.

While less technically adept anthropologists reveled in literature and novels I choose the much more engrossing expedient of immersing myself in _Civilization: Call To Power_. As I sunk deeper into denial about my situation my ability to play Civ increased beyond even the eldritch levels of competence I had acquired while procrastinating during the composition of my M.A. Slowly, however, even this grew to be less and less solace as the AI’s ability to challenge me decreased. My mood was particularly darkened by the fact that the only way to triumph over the AI at the very highest levels of play involved ruling with a fascist government, developing genetic engineering, and then plowing through my opponent’s continents with scientifically hardened browshirted troops. It was at that point that I turned off the computer, gave into escapist fiction, and picked up Anna Karenina. In fact I read a lot of good books during my fieldwork — _Gravity’s Rainbow_, _Wind Up Bird Chronicles_, _Cryptonomicon_, _The Brothers Karamozov_, _Infinite Jest_, _Underworld_, and, incongruously, a copy of _Cry, The Beloved Country_ that was in my house when I arrived.

It is very common for graduate students to get halfway through their doctoral programs before they realize exactly how much they have given up when they signed up for a Ph.D. They watch their friends get married, settle down, have kids, have houses, have jobs, have _fun_ — all while they are still living on US$10,000 a year and cooking the same Economy Lentil Diet they ate during college. But this realization never really hits home more fully until you are in the central highlands of Papua New Guinea reading _Anna Karenina_ and contemplating how many fleas are in your sleeping bag. My interest in Papua New Guinea dated back to my studies as an undergraduate and so my arrival in the field represented the culmination of over a half-decade study of the country. It was supposed to be the culmination of an already-promising young career. It ended up reminding me how much I missed the things I had given up to get there.

As a result I swore that when I got back I would try to ressurect that creative part of myself I had lost track of when I became a social scientist. When finally returned in late 2001 I found I had missed two very big years. My first reaction to coming home was “What do you mean George Bush is President again?!” The second thing was Harry Potter — the first time I heard the name of Harry Potter was on the BART on my way into San Francisco when two people reading books with the name “Harry Potter” emblazoned on them starting talking to each other and mutually admitted to ‘reading all of his books over and over again’. I assumed he was some sort of Fundamentalist Christian self-help guru, something it would take a _very_ embarassing gaffe at a party to realize was not, in fact, strictly true. 9/11 happened less than two months after I arrived in-country, but now is not the right time to talk about that. Finally, I arrived only to find I had missed the internet bubble, and so I went through all of the hype and excitement about the internet that took most people two years to work through in the space of a couple of afternoons. What else could I do but start a blog?

Over time my blog has morphed from a personal diary (now intensely embarassing to me but mundane to others) to an attempt to think out loud about what had happened to the internet since I left it (which temporarily turned me into a pretty well-known blogger), to a place to experiment in fiction (which resulted in two novels). I blogged stuff that should have been privateand figured out, like so many of us to, where I felt comfortable drawing lines. In particular I realized that entries about how drunk I had gotten while talking about Levinas at parties were not what I needed to make sure I had a web presence that would facilitate getting a faculty position. Also I realized that I had a limited about of mojo in me and I had to choose between writing my dissertation (and, by extension, other scholarly work) and experimenting as a writer, blogger, poet, healer, lover etc. It was a difficult choice, for I know the world needs some good good loving. Nonetheless, I decided to focus more on anthropology. This ended up working well since it corresponded with a growth in my own interest in copyright reform and open source scholarship, so the latest version of this blog seems to make sense. At least in my head.

There’s a longer, better story involving “snow monkeys”:http://alex.golub.name/oldlog/archives/2002_03.html#000025 which sketches in the details starting from my much earlier history in highschool, etc. but I’ll leave that to one side for now.

What do you think makes a blog successful? (attributes, measurements) — and your blog in particular?

In general? The synergistic intersection between someone’s professional interests and their industry space. In my case? Lightsabers.

This week my intro anthro class is studying race. Explaining why ‘race’ and folk heredity are bad science but omnipresent cultural constructs is something that every anthropology professor has to do over and over and over again. I sometimes find the anthropological knee-jerk against race unsatisfying because it often takes the form of a a sort of blind prejudice “culture determines everything and biology determines nothing and if you don’t agree with me you’re racist” sort of deal. Also, a lot of the time anthropological critiques of race show how race is a cultural construct and differs from place to place. While this is true, it doesn’t answer most students’ question — are human beings naturally divisible into a small number of discrete groups with differing natural characteristics and abilities? I mean, _all_ beliefs are cultural constructs, but whether they are _accurate_ or not is another question. Contemporary natural science is a cultural construct with a complex historical genealogy — but that by itself doesn’t mean I should fear driving over bridges because the engineers ‘just had culture’. Even more thoughtful critiques of authority of bench science like those found in science studies tend to make students eyes glaze over — you need to spend a _lot_ of time in graduate school before you’d trust Latour over Mayr. So I like to teach Jonathan Marks’s “What Does It Mean to be 98% Chimpanzee”:http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9172.html, since Marks (who, god bless him, has “PDFs of all his articles free online”:http://personal.uncc.edu/jmarks/pubs/main.html) deals with issues of genetics straight on and attempts to distinguish genetic science from folk heredity. It’s a snarky, pugnacious book that is highly readable and manages to squeeze in interesting little bits on the history of physical anthropology as well. I’d highly reccomend it.

At any rate, I spend a lot of the class slowly unprying my student’s idea of race. “Why are so many african americans professional athletes?” becomes “Why are so many professional athletes african american?” (because there are millions of african americans and very very few professional athletes). Then I try a thought experiment: if excellence in athletics is explained by genetic endowment, perhaps Australia’s dominance in Rugby League is due to the Australian Rugby gene? Obviously not, say my students, since Australians are white, and our weirdo American intuitions only like genetic explanations for non-white people.

Then I point to “Amartya Sen’s”:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amartya_Sen work in “Development as Freedom”:http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-829758-0 which demonstrates that African Americans are less likely to live to 45 (if they reach the age of fifteen, i.e. with adjustments made for infant mortality) than people in rural India and China. Also I believe — although this is off the top of my head with NO evidence to back it up — based on current projections any african american born today has a 30% chance of being incarcerated. Perhaps african americans have the ‘third world conditions in first world countries gene’? (By the way, the reference to Sen’s article “The Economics of Life and Death” is incorrect in at least my version of Development as Freedom — his argument on mortality rates is actually located “here”:http://www.citeulike.org/user/rex/article/116927) None of this is an _argument_ about race, of course — it’s just some thought experiments to limber up people’s heads. Marks does most of the genetics arguments.

One of my students, however, asked me for more information about the prison and mortality figures. Now, due to my sense of professionalism, I can’t go around inflicting my lefty personal leanings on my students, and so in class I try to be very balanced. However, I am now BLOGGING so to everyone who is reading this I reccomend “Angela Davis’s”:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Davis latest book “Are Prisons Obsolete?”:http://www.sevenstories.com/Book/index.cfm?GCOI=58322100778090. It’s _only seven dollars_ if you order it from Seven Stories Press, who put it out. Come on, aren’t your NPR reflexes just aching to buy this _progressive political book_ by a _strong, independent woman of color_ from a _small, independent publisher_? You know you want to.

The other option, of course, is to read “Angela Davis’s 1992 interview with Ice Cube”:http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0041-1191%281992%290%3A58%3C174%3ANH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 (JSTOR enabled only :( ). Word up.

The amount of Free/Open Source Scholarship on the internet continues to skyrocket. On February 23 the University of California unveiled it’s “eScholarship”:http://repositories.cdlib.org/escholarship/ service as part of the “California Digital Library”:http://www.cdlib.org/ that I blogged about “earlier”:http://alex.golub.name/log/?p=305 — it’s sort of like “the Australian Nationa University’s ePrints service”:http://eprints.anu.edu.au/ except with less meat pies and Blundstone boots. So far there are just over 6,000 papers available for download. This is exciting news for those of us who thought ‘i-’ was on the verge of stealing the “Sexy Technology Prefix” title away from ‘e-’, which has held it since it usurped ‘cyber-’ in 1998.

My ASAO homies have also pointed out “Eldis”:http://www.eldis.org/, a sort of gateway for information about developing countries hosted at the University of Sussex. They feature free dowloadable reports from various NGOs and UN type agencies — there are “over thirty about Papua New Guinea”:http://www.eldis.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpcgi.exe?QB0=AND&QF0=DE@DOCNO&QI0=Papua+New+Guinea*&MR=20&TN=a1&DF=f1&RF=s1&DL=0&RL=0&NP=3&MF=countmsg.ini&AC=QBE_QUERY&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpcgi.exe&BU=http%3A//www.eldis.org/search.htm available for download. The “British Library for Development Studies”:http://blds.ids.ac.uk/blds/ a roughly similar institution, also has “articles on Papua New Guinea”:http://blds.ids.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dbtcgi.exe?$BOOL+0=AND&TI%7CDE=Papua+New+Guinea*&$BOOL+1=AND&YR=%3E2000&$BOOL+2=OR&CPROF=Papua+New+Guinea*&$TEXTBASE_PATH=d:\Inetpub\wwwroot\data\&$TEXTBASE_NAME=blds&$MAXRECS=12&$NOREPORT=0&$NODISPLAY=0&$REPORT_FORM=country as well as a nifty “country profile”:http://www.eldis.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpcgi.exe?QB0=AND&QF0=GEOG&QI0=Papua+New+Guinea&MR=20&TN=country&DF=countrynew&RF=countrynew&DL=0&RL=0&NP=3&MF=countmsg.ini&AC=QBE_QUERY&XC=/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpcgi.exe&BU=http%3A//www.eldis.org/search.htm with links to overviews from the IMF and so forth.

If you are looking for some non-free treeware to read, you might want to check out two of the lesser-known but still interesting literary awards that are out there: “The Gustavus Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights”:http://www.myerscenter.org/ (hint: they are anti-bigotry) has released it’s “2004 Book Award Winners”:http://www.myerscenter.org/pages/04winners.htm. In addition, the “Charles Taylor Prize for Literary Nonfiction”:http://www.myerscenter.org/pages/04winners.htm (no, not that Charles Taylor) recently gave its 2005 award to “The Last Heathen: Encounters with Ghosts and Ancestors in Melanesia”:http://www.thecharlestaylorprize.ca/2005/winner2005.htm. I’ve heard complaints about the book from — of all people — the Anglican Bishop of Malaita, but that just sort of makes me more interested. Finally, a whole gaggle of Authentically Respectable Pacific Scholars have put together a nice issue of Common Places Magazine entitled “Pacific Crossings”:http://www.common-place.org/ that is well worth a look.

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